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An aircraft is ready to depart Rome Fiumicino airport for Milan Malpensa. With pre-flight preparations complete, the pilot contacts air traffic control.
The air traffic controllers in the control tower assign the aircraft the first segment of the route it is supposed to fly and the altitude to reach in the initial phase of the flight.
After ensuring that the pilot has understood the initial instructions, the controllers approve engine start up.
After engine start up, the controller tells the pilot which taxiways to take and where to hold.
After reaching holding point 25 near the runway, the pilot reports that the aircraft is ready for take-off; the controller authorises the aircraft to enter line up and take-off.
The aircraft is in the air.
At a specified distance, the Fiumicino control tower hands the flight over to the Rome (Ciampino) Area Control Centre.
The Rome Area Control Centre assigns the flight to higher flight levels until it reaches the cruise altitude indicated in the flight plan.
The air traffic controller plans the sequence of flight trajectories for each flight in the airspace for which he or she is responsible, harmonising them using specific procedures.
The controller defines a three-dimensional safety buffer around the aircraft, the size of which is determined by international safety standards.
Maintaining a specified vertical distance between aircrafts ensures their safety.
Minimum vertical separation is 1000 feet, or about 300 metres.
Minimum horizontal separation between radar-equipped aircrafts is 5 nautical miles, or about 10Km.
This sensitive task is performed by the controllers at the Rome Area Control Centre and then by those at the Milan Area Control Centre, which the aircraft will contact when it enters the Milan Area Control Centre’s area of responsibility.
Now approaching the airport, the aircraft is handed over to the Milan Malpensa tower, which will guide the plant to landing and through the taxiways to the gate or parking stand.
FIUMICINO TWR ROME
ACC ROME
ACC MILAN
MALPENSA TWR MILAN